In Deductive we infer particular from General Truths; While in Induction we infer General from Particular.
Example for Deductive Argument:
1 All men are martal
Socrates is a man
Therefore Socrates is mortal.
(valid)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2 Puthukkudy is a violent place
Johnny is from puthukkudy
Therefore Johnny is violent.
(invalid)
Here a particular conclusion inferred from premisses the first of which is a general proposition.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Example for Inductive Argument:
Aristotle is a man and is mortal
Therefore probably all men are mortal
(valid)
2 Mr.D.P.Mony is a Puthukkudy man and famous
Mr.Rajan is a Puthukkudy man and famous
Mr.Johnny is a Puthukkudy man and famous
Therefore probably all Puthukkudy men are famous.
(invalid)
Here a general conclusion is inferred from premisses all of which are particular proposition.
Q because P
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If we are interested in establishing the truth of Q, and P is offered as evidence for it, then "Q because P" formulates agreement. However, if we regard the truth of Q as being unprobablematic, as being at least as well established as the truth of P but are interested in explaining why Q is the case, then "Q because P"is not an argument but an explanation.The two examples discussed are fairly easy to distinguish, the first being an explanation and the second an argument.But not all examples are so easily classified. In each case the context may help to make clear the intention of the writer or speaker. If his purpose to establish the truth he
formulates an argument. if his purpose is to explain , then he formulates an explanation.
Example for Deductive Argument:
1 All men are martal
Socrates is a man
Therefore Socrates is mortal.
(valid)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
2 Puthukkudy is a violent place
Johnny is from puthukkudy
Therefore Johnny is violent.
(invalid)
Here a particular conclusion inferred from premisses the first of which is a general proposition.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Example for Inductive Argument:
1 Socrates is a man and is mortal
Plato is a man and is mortalAristotle is a man and is mortal
Therefore probably all men are mortal
(valid)
2 Mr.D.P.Mony is a Puthukkudy man and famous
Mr.Rajan is a Puthukkudy man and famous
Mr.Johnny is a Puthukkudy man and famous
Therefore probably all Puthukkudy men are famous.
(invalid)
Here a general conclusion is inferred from premisses all of which are particular proposition.
Q because P
-------------
If we are interested in establishing the truth of Q, and P is offered as evidence for it, then "Q because P" formulates agreement. However, if we regard the truth of Q as being unprobablematic, as being at least as well established as the truth of P but are interested in explaining why Q is the case, then "Q because P"is not an argument but an explanation.The two examples discussed are fairly easy to distinguish, the first being an explanation and the second an argument.But not all examples are so easily classified. In each case the context may help to make clear the intention of the writer or speaker. If his purpose to establish the truth he
formulates an argument. if his purpose is to explain , then he formulates an explanation.
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