Saturday, March 31, 2012
Saturday, March 17, 2012
THINKING
*Thinking is a series of ideas that is directed, however vaguely, toward the solution of a problem.
*When what goes on in our minds is initiated by some question we want to answer, then it takes on purpose and direction: it has something to aim at, and its course is under the control of the question that it started it off.
*What thinking is after is simply the truth. When it results in truth the thinker acquires new knowledge. That is the measure of its success. That is what makes thinking good thinking.
*Thinking has two fundamentally different aspects : a creative aspect and a critical aspect.
*Creative Thinking gives us new ideas.
*Creative thinking is an exercise of imagination..
*If you are interested in good thinking, the task is to discover how we can make thinking more creative.
*Psychologists have studied creative thinking, and can say something about the personality factors and environment factors that seem to favour it or hinder it.
*There is no handy set of rules to make our thinking more creative..Perhaps there is even something a little paradoxical in the very notion of rules for creative thinking- since this thinking that leaps out in new directions to unexplored territory, and moves in sudden, unexpected, and unpredictable ways.
*Critical Thinking comes in to play after we have an idea to try out, a theory to test, a proposition that someone wants to prove or to refute.
*Whenever a claim is made to knowledge, there is an occasion for critical thinking- that is for a careful and serious effort to test that claim, as far as possible.
*There are many different kinds of thing in the world to think about, and there are different ways of thinking about them.
*What makes good critical thinking in economics, is not exactly what makes good critical thinking in engineering or literary criticism or psychology or store-keeping. But there are some general principles of critical thinking that apply in every field. These are principles of logic.
It is the business of the logician to discover what conditions must be satisfied by any critical thinking if it is to be considered a success.
*Thinking has two fundamentally different aspects : a creative aspect and a critical aspect.
*Creative Thinking gives us new ideas.
*Creative thinking is an exercise of imagination..
*If you are interested in good thinking, the task is to discover how we can make thinking more creative.
*Psychologists have studied creative thinking, and can say something about the personality factors and environment factors that seem to favour it or hinder it.
*There is no handy set of rules to make our thinking more creative..Perhaps there is even something a little paradoxical in the very notion of rules for creative thinking- since this thinking that leaps out in new directions to unexplored territory, and moves in sudden, unexpected, and unpredictable ways.
*Critical Thinking comes in to play after we have an idea to try out, a theory to test, a proposition that someone wants to prove or to refute.
*Whenever a claim is made to knowledge, there is an occasion for critical thinking- that is for a careful and serious effort to test that claim, as far as possible.
*There are many different kinds of thing in the world to think about, and there are different ways of thinking about them.
*What makes good critical thinking in economics, is not exactly what makes good critical thinking in engineering or literary criticism or psychology or store-keeping. But there are some general principles of critical thinking that apply in every field. These are principles of logic.
It is the business of the logician to discover what conditions must be satisfied by any critical thinking if it is to be considered a success.
Friday, March 9, 2012
FAMILY
A cosmopolitan family, like a cosmopolite, looks toward people,activities, and intersts that range far beyond the confines of their neighbourhood or town. Their friends, jobs, and schools are scattered; they may move fr equently for work or other reasons.
Locals on the other hand, are rooted. Their family history in the same place may go back generations. Their friends, schools, and jobs are near at hand. Often their work life is not only near home but also dependent on a local network of acquaintances. Locals develop specific, traditional routines and routs for shopping, visiting, recreation. Cosmopolitan families have less well-fixed, more exploratory habits.
*Each pattern, local and cosmopolitan, has its characteristic blind spots and highlights.
*In Dr.Reiss's theory, families share a group self, which in turn shapes their lives. Shared family experiences Reiss says, 'guide and shape the way families approach specific problems."This shared construing is typically in the background, a buried structure which guide family life.
*The family, when it works as an integral group,is a sort of consensual mind. In this respect it takes on the same tasks as we have seen in the individual mind: it gathers information, interprets it, distributes it.
*The families seem to have an important shared illusion about themselves.
Locals on the other hand, are rooted. Their family history in the same place may go back generations. Their friends, schools, and jobs are near at hand. Often their work life is not only near home but also dependent on a local network of acquaintances. Locals develop specific, traditional routines and routs for shopping, visiting, recreation. Cosmopolitan families have less well-fixed, more exploratory habits.
*Each pattern, local and cosmopolitan, has its characteristic blind spots and highlights.
*In Dr.Reiss's theory, families share a group self, which in turn shapes their lives. Shared family experiences Reiss says, 'guide and shape the way families approach specific problems."This shared construing is typically in the background, a buried structure which guide family life.
*The family, when it works as an integral group,is a sort of consensual mind. In this respect it takes on the same tasks as we have seen in the individual mind: it gathers information, interprets it, distributes it.
*The families seem to have an important shared illusion about themselves.
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